Papua New Guinea is at a critical stage of its economic and social development. While geographical barriers, political insecurity and the impact of years of internal strife still pose challenges for comprehensive improvements across the country’s health and social sectors, there is currently a sizeable window of opportunity to push forward the country’s development agenda. However, key indicators for health still remain below optimal levels: the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) still averages at around 31% of married or in-union women, with high rates of unmet need for family planning among this group at around 26%. Urgent investment is needed to close the gap and end unmet need for family planning.